β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (asiidh bilaash ah) (NAD)
NAD waa isku-xidhka dehydrogenase ee aad ugu badan noolaha nool. Waxay ka qayb qaadataa falcelinta redox ee noolaha nool, waxayna u gudbisaa oo u wareejisaa elektaroonada walxaha ku jira falgalka. Dehydrogenase wuxuu door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraa dheef-shiid kiimikaadka aadanaha. Dhaqdhaqaaqyada dheef-shiid kiimikaadka aasaasiga ah ee jirka aadanaha, sida burburka borotiinka, burburka karbohaydraytka, iyo burburka dufanka, si caadi ah looma fulin karo iyada oo aan la helin dehydrogenase, dadkuna waxay waayi doonaan calaamadaha muhiimka ah. Sababtoo ah isku-darka NAD iyo dehydrogenase wuxuu kor u qaadi karaa dheef-shiid kiimikaadka, sidaas darteed NAD waa qayb lagama maarmaan ah oo ka mid ah jirka aadanaha. Sida laga soo xigtay isticmaalka badeecada, waxaa loo qaybin karaa darajooyinka soo socda: heerka biotransformation, heerka reagent-ka ogaanshaha, heerka cuntada caafimaadka, API iyo walxaha ceeriin ee diyaarinta.
| Magaca Kiimikada | Aashitada bilaashka ah (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) |
| Erayo isku mid ah | β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
| Lambarka CAS | 53-84-9 |
| Miisaanka Molekulerka | 663.43 |
| Qaacidda Molekuleerigga | C21H27N7O14P2 |
| EINECS wuxuu leeyahay: | 200-184-4 |
| Barta dhalaalaysa | 140-142 °C (kala furfuran) |
| heerkulka kaydinta. | -20°C |
| milmida | H2O: 50 mg/mL |
| qaab | Budada |
| midab | Caddaan |
| Merck | 14,6344 |
| BRN | 3584133 |
| Xasilloonida: | Xasilloon. Hygroscopic. Lama jaanqaadi karo walxaha oksaydhka ee xooggan. |
| InChiKey | BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-WWRWIPRPSA-N |
| Shayga Tijaabada | Tilmaamaha |
| Muuqaalka | Budada kristalinta cad ilaa caddaan ah |
| Falanqaynta muuqaalka UV ε260 nm iyo pH 7.5 | (18±1.0) × 10³ L/mol/cm |
| Milmida | 25mg/mL 25mg/mL biyo ku jira |
| Tusmada (iyadoo la adeegsanayo falanqaynta ensaymikada iyadoo la adeegsanayo ADH pH 10, iyadoo la adeegsanayo spectrophotometer, abs.340nm, iyadoo lagu saleynayo biyo aan lahayn) | ≥98.0% |
| Baaritaan (oo ay samaysay HPLC, iyadoo lagu salaynayo biyo-mareen) | 98.0~102.0% |
| Nadiifnimo (iyadoo loo eegayo HPLC, %aagga) | ≥99.0% |
| Biyaha ku jira (sida KF) | ≤3% |
Xirmada:Dhalo, bacda aluminium-ka, 25kg/Durbaan Kaarboor, ama sida waafaqsan shuruudaha macaamiisha.
Xaaladda Kaydinta:Si adag ugu hay meel mugdi ah, si aad u kaydiso muddo dheer, ku hay heerkul ah 2-8℃.
Heerka Biotransformation: Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa isku-darka biocatalytic ee dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha dawooyinka iyo API-yada, inta badan iyadoo la adeegsanayo ensaymada catalytic, sida ketoreductase (KRED), nitroreductase (NTR), P450 monooxygenase (CYP), formate dehydrogenase (FDH)), glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), iwm., kuwaas oo iskaashi u samayn kara beddelidda amino acid-ka kala duwan iyo daawooyinka kale ee la xiriira. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, warshado badan oo dawooyinka gudaha ah ayaa bilaabay inay adeegsadaan beddelka ensaymka bayoolojiga, baahida suuqa ee NAD+ si degdeg ah ayay u kordheysaa.
Heerka falgalka ogaanshaha: Waxaa lagu daray noocyo kala duwan oo ensaymyo ogaanshaha ah, sida walxaha cayriin ee xirmooyinka ogaanshaha.
Heerka cuntada caafimaadka: NAD waa coenzyme oo ka tirsan dehydrogenase. Waxay door aan la beddeli karin ka ciyaartaa glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, wareegga tricarboxylic acid, iyo silsiladda neefsashada, waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa wax soo saarka tamarta, waxayna ka caawisaa soo saarista L-dopa, kaas oo noqda dopamine Neurotransmitters. Gaar ahaan sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, waxaa la ogaaday inay tahay "matoorka" iyo "shidaalka" habka dayactirka dhaawaca unugyada. Sida laga soo xigtay cilmi-baaris, kaabista coenzymes (oo ay ku jiraan NMN, NR, NAD, NADH) in vitro waxay kor u qaadi kartaa awoodda antioxidant-ka ee unugyada unugyada, waxay joojin kartaa calaamadaynta apoptosis, waxay soo celin kartaa shaqada caadiga ah ee unugyada, waxay ka hortagi kartaa dhacdooyinka cudurka ama waxay joojin kartaa horumarka cudurka.
Intaa waxaa dheer, coenzymes-ku waxay kor u qaadi karaan awoodda jawaab celinta difaaca jirka iyagoo kicinaya oo kor u qaadaya bislaanshaha unugyada difaaca jirka ee dabiiciga ah, soo saarista arrimo ka hortagga bararka iyo xakamaynta unugyada T ee nidaamsan. Xaaladda oksaydhka Nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD+) waa coenzyme laga helo dhammaan unugyada nool. Waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa boqolaal geeddi-socod dheef-shiid kiimikaad oo unugyada ah, waxay ka qaybgashaa kumanaan falgallo jir ahaaneed, waana xubinta ugu muhiimsan silsiladda gaadiidka elektaroonigga ah. Deeq-bixiyaha haydarojiin; isla mar ahaantaana, coenzyme I wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sidii substrate-ka kaliya ee ensaymada la xiriira ee jirka, isagoo gacan ka geysanaya ilaalinta dhaqdhaqaaqa ensaymada.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) waa isku-darka horudhaca ah ee nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidation state (NAD+), kaas oo ku lug leh isku-darka NAD in vivo. Sannadkii 2013, Professor David Sinclair oo ka tirsan Dugsiga Caafimaadka ee Harvard ayaa ogaaday in marka da'da la gaaro, heerka cofactor coenzyme I (NAD+) ee borotiinka cimriga dheer ee jirka uu sii socdo inuu hoos u dhaco, taasoo horseedda hoos u dhaca shaqada mitochondrial ee "dynamo" ee unugga, taasoo kicisa gabowga, iyo arrimaha kala duwan ee jirka. Cilladda noocan ah ee shaqada ayaa sidaas lagu soo saaraa. Sida laga soo xigtay taxane daraasaddiisa, waxa ku jira NAD+ ee jirka bini'aadamka ayaa hoos u dhaca marka da'da la gaaro, taasoo keenta gabow degdeg ah laga bilaabo da'da 30, oo leh laalaab, nasasho murqaha, ururinta dufanka, iyo cudurrada sida cudurrada wadnaha, dhiig karka sare, istaroogga, sonkorowga iyo cudurka Alzheimers oo kordhiya khatarta. Furaha cimriga dheer waa in la kordhiyo heerka coenzyme I (NAD+) ee jirka, la kordhiyo heerka dheef-shiid kiimikaadka unugyada, iyo in la kiciyo firfircoonida dhalinyarada ee suurtagalka ah.
Qalabka API iyo diyaarinta: NAD+ waxaa loo isticmaalaa irbado loogu talagalay daaweynta/xakamaynta balwadda daroogada, oo ay ku jiraan daaweynta xididka ee NAD IV ee laga hirgeliyay Mareykanka, Yurub, Ruushka, Koonfur Afrika, Mexico, Koonfurta Ameerika, Koonfur-bari Aasiya iyo dalal kale. Badeecadaha farmashiyaha ee iskood isu diyaariya, oo la mid ah farmashiyada Mareykanka, waxay iibsan karaan agab cayriin ah si ay iyagu u bixiyaan, sida diyaarinta isbitaallada Shiinaha, waxay xakameysaa tayada agabka ceeriin ah keligeed, waxayna diyaarisaa diyaargarowga daawooyinka.
